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Written by Tanishka Sinha | Art by Maya Wen 

Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a chronic disorder of the mind, featuring obsessions—recurring and persistent thoughts–and compulsions, behaviors performed in an attempt to gain relief. This chronic disorder can occur in any age group and is especially disabling.

Symptoms of OCD 

Symptoms of OCD are divided into two groups:

Obsessions—compelling thoughts, images, or impulses which are distressing and excessive. Common obsessions include concerns with dirtiness or filth, fears that something catastrophic will happen, or obsessions with violent or inappropriate themes.

Compulsions—compelling behaviors or mental acts undertaken to reduce the anxiety of obsessions. Examples include washing excessively, always checking to ensure a door is locked, counting, and repeating words in one’s head.

Those with OCD understand that their thoughts and subsequent actions are irrational. However, they feel that they are powerless to stop the engagement.

While the cause of OCD is unknown, the following may play a role in its onset:

Causes of OCD

Brain Chemistry and Function: Differences in certain parts of the brain—especially in the circuits that control decision-making and the fear response—correlate with those who have OCD.

Causes: Stressful life events, traumatic experiences, or certain types of infections—Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS)—can trigger or worsen symptoms of OCD.

Diagnosis and Treatment

An OCD diagnosis is made by a mental health professional. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) outlines criteria for OCD, which include obsessions and compulsions that are distressing and impair functioning.

The most successful treatments involve:

Therapy: The most effective therapy for OCD is called Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), which is a cognitive behavioral therapy that allows those with OCD to confront fears without engaging in their  compulsions.

Medications: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as fluoxetine or sertraline are medications that regulate serotonin levels in the brain.

(Deep Brain Stimulation) DBS: For more dire situations, DBS may be a surgical option to have when there is nothing else to try.

OCD and those who have it: As long as proper therapy, medication, and lifestyle changes are utilized, OCD does not negatively affect those who have it. Stress reduction, support groups, and mindfulness can help. Public education and conversations about what OCD is can help de-stigmatize it.

Conclusion

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a serious condition that millions of people around the world deal with daily. However, with proper diagnosis and treatment, one can control symptoms and learn to live life again. If you or someone you know is experiencing these obsessive-compulsive symptoms, it is best to consult a professional for help.

Sources:

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

Center for OCD & Related Disorders | Columbia University Department of Psychiatry

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): Definition, Symptoms, Traits, Causes, Treatment